Bryan McAllister’s personal reference notebook
September 11, 2026Short & citedBlog
Civic Viewpoint.
A quiet encyclopedia with a personal desk
Field Notes • Mammals

Skunk

Skunks are small to medium-sized mammals in the family Mephitidae, best known for their ability to defend themselves by spraying a foul-smelling liquid from scent glands near the base of the tail.

Updated September 11, 20261 min readCited sources

Skunks are small to medium-sized mammals in the family Mephitidae, best known for their defensive spray. They are opportunistic omnivores found in a wide range of habitats across the Americas.

What it is

Skunks belong to the family Mephitidae and are typically black-and-white, though colour patterns vary among species. They are mostly nocturnal and live in forests, grasslands, farmland, and suburban areas wherever food and shelter are available.

Diet and defence

Skunks are opportunistic omnivores that eat insects, grubs, worms, fruits, nuts, bird eggs, small mammals, and human food scraps. Their main defence is a foul-smelling spray from scent glands near the tail, used only when threatened as a last resort. They normally avoid conflict unless cornered.

Human interactions

Skunks often live near farms and suburbs, where they help control insect and garden pests. However, they may become a nuisance if they den under buildings or spray pets. They can carry rabies and distemper, so it is best to observe them from a safe distance. The striped skunk is common across southern Canada.

In short

  • Known for their strong-smelling spray as a last-resort defence.
  • Opportunistic omnivores that help control insect pests.
  • Normally mild-tempered but will spray if cornered.
  • Common across southern Canada, especially the striped skunk.
Canadian angle

Skunks are familiar wildlife across much of southern Canada, especially the striped skunk, which often lives near farms, parks, and suburban areas. Canadian readers may encounter skunks in gardens, roadsides, and under buildings, where they are valued for eating insect pests but can also cause nuisance odours.

Quick questions

What do skunks eat?
Skunks are opportunistic omnivores. They eat insects, grubs, worms, fruits, nuts, bird eggs, small mammals, frogs, snakes, and sometimes garbage or pet food.
Are skunks dangerous?
Skunks are usually mild-tempered and avoid people, but they can spray when threatened and may carry diseases such as rabies or distemper. They are best treated as wild animals and kept at a distance.
Why do skunks spray?
Skunks spray as a defensive warning and last-resort protection when they feel threatened or cornered. The spray comes from scent glands near the base of the tail and can reach about 15 feet.

Sources

  1. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Servicehttps://www.fws.gov/story/living-skunks
    Supports: Diet, breeding season, litter size, spray behaviour, and defensive use of spray.
  2. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlifehttps://wdfw.wa.gov/species-habitats/living/species-facts/skunks
    Supports: Skunks are mostly nocturnal, mild-tempered, and generally avoid conflict unless disturbed.
  3. Terminixhttps://www.terminix.com/skunks/diet/
    Supports: Seasonal omnivorous diet, scavenging, and food sources near human habitation.
  4. Skunk Havenhttps://www.skunkhaven.net/DietNutrition.htm
    Supports: Examples of foods skunks eat, including fruits, vegetables, insects, worms, and meats.
  5. Wikipediahttps://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk
    Supports: Gestation period and general classification as mammals in family Mephitidae.
  6. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parkshttps://fwp.mt.gov/conservation/living-with-wildlife/skunks
    Supports: Gestation timing information stated as seven to 10 weeks, usually nine weeks.
  7. Critter Controlhttps://www.crittercontrol.com/wildlife/skunks/what-attracts-skunks/
    Supports: Common food sources, denning habits, and notes on spray and disease risks.