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July 27, 2026Short & citedBlog
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Field Notes • Reptile

Black Mamba

The black mamba is a highly venomous snake species, scientifically known as Dendroaspis polylepis, native to parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

Updated July 27, 20261 min readCited sources

The black mamba is a highly venomous snake native to sub-Saharan Africa, known for its speed, potent neurotoxic venom, and the dark interior of its mouth.

What it is

The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is Africa’s longest venomous snake, reaching up to about 4.3 m (14 ft). Despite its name, its body is typically olive, grey, brown, or tan; the 'black' refers to the dark lining of its mouth, which it displays when threatened.

Key details

It lives in savannas, rocky hills, and woodlands across parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The snake is among the fastest, with short bursts up to 20 km/h (12.5 mph). Its venom is primarily neurotoxic, affecting the nervous system and breathing, and untreated bites can be fatal.

Conservation status

Despite its fearsome reputation, the black mamba is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List, with a stable population trend. It is not endangered.

In short

  • Africa’s longest venomous snake, up to 4.3 m (14 ft).
  • Name comes from dark mouth interior, not body colour.
  • Highly toxic neurotoxic venom; fast and defensive.
  • Listed as least concern with stable population.
Canadian angle

The black mamba is relevant to Canadian readers mainly through wildlife education, zoo collections, medical toxicology, and public-interest coverage of dangerous animals; it is not native to Canada.

Quick questions

Is the black mamba actually black?
No. The body is usually olive, grey, brown, or tan. The name refers to the dark interior of its mouth.
How dangerous is its venom?
Its venom is highly toxic and neurotoxic, and untreated bites can be fatal.
Is the black mamba endangered?
No. It is listed as least concern, and its population trend is stable.

Sources

  1. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/facts/black-mamba
    Supports: Scientific name, native range, size, speed, habitat, mouth coloration, conservation status
  2. Kruger National Park / Kruger Park Timeshttps://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-17-facts-about-the-black-mamba.html
    Supports: Mouth coloration, habitat, length, venom effects, bite severity
  3. Saint Louis Zoohttps://www.stlzoo.org/animals/reptiles/snakes/black-mamba
    Supports: Family, habitat, name origin, size, speed, venomous nature
  4. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_mamba
    Supports: Scientific name, family, description, sub-Saharan Africa range, typical length, formal description date