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September 12, 2026Short & citedBlog
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Field Notes • Rodent

Porcupine

Porcupines are large, slow-moving rodents known for their sharp quills, which are modified hairs made of keratin.

Updated September 12, 20261 min readCited sources

Porcupines are large, slow-moving rodents known for their sharp quills. They are found across Canada and worldwide in two main families.

What it is

Porcupines are rodents with coats of quills made from modified hair. There are more than two dozen species divided into New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) and Old World porcupines (Hystricidae). They are generally herbivorous, solitary, and nocturnal.

Key details

Porcupines do not shoot their quills; quills detach when touched or when a predator makes contact. The North American porcupine is the second-largest rodent in North America after the beaver. They mainly eat vegetation such as leaves, bark, roots, and fruit.

Where they live

New World porcupines live in the Americas, including much of Canada and the United States. Old World porcupines are found in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Porcupines occupy a wide range of habitats, including forests and wooded areas.

In short

  • Porcupines are rodents with quills made from modified hair.
  • There are more than two dozen species worldwide.
  • Quills detach on contact; they are not shot.
  • North American porcupines are found throughout most of Canada.
Canadian angle

North American porcupines are found throughout most of Canada, making the species familiar to Canadian wildlife readers and relevant to Canadian forestry and backcountry ecosystems.[2][9]

Quick questions

What is a porcupine?
A porcupine is a large rodent known for its sharp quills, which are modified hairs used for defence.
Do porcupines shoot their quills?
No. Their quills detach when touched or when a predator comes into contact with them.
Are porcupines found in Canada?
Yes. North American porcupines are found throughout most of Canada, including forested areas across the country.

Sources

  1. U.S. National Park Servicehttps://www.nps.gov/articles/000/fast-facts-porcupines.htm
    Supports: North American porcupine description, size, range, and quill count.
  2. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/summary/porcupine
    Supports: General description of porcupines, families, quills, and diet.
  3. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/porcupines
    Supports: Number of species and quill-based defence.
  4. Mass Audubonhttps://www.massaudubon.org/nature-wildlife/mammals-in-massachusetts/porcupines
    Supports: Family classification, quill description, and North American distribution.
  5. Pennsylvania Game Commissionhttps://www.pa.gov/agencies/pgc/wildlife/discover-pa-wildlife/porcupine
    Supports: Scientific name, etymology, and North American range.
  6. U.S. National Park Servicehttps://www.nps.gov/jeca/porcupine-erethizon-dorsatum.htm
    Supports: North American porcupine size and common-name notes.