Groundhog

The groundhog, also called a woodchuck or whistlepig, is a large North American rodent in the squirrel family and one of the marmots.

The groundhog is a large North American rodent in the squirrel family, also called a woodchuck or whistlepig. It is best known for its burrowing habits, plant-based diet, and the folk tradition of Groundhog Day on 2 February.

What it is

The groundhog (Marmota monax) is a stout, brown-furred rodent with short legs and strong claws for digging. It is one of the marmots and among the largest members of the squirrel family. Adults average about 20 inches in body length with a 6–8 inch tail, and weigh roughly 11 pounds.

Key details

Groundhogs are strong burrowers, living in underground dens and active mainly in warmer months. They are true hibernators, spending winter dormant and living off stored body fat. Their diet is mostly green plants, grasses, fruits, and vegetables. In the wild, they typically live 3–6 years.

Why it matters

Groundhog Day, observed on 2 February, is a North American folk tradition where a groundhog's shadow is said to predict six more weeks of winter. In Canada, groundhogs are native wildlife across much of the south, and local animals like Wiarton Willie are part of regional celebrations.